Thermal constraints on energy balance, behaviour and spatial distribution of grizzly bears
نویسندگان
چکیده
Heat dissipation limit theory posits that energy available for growth and reproduction in endotherms is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. In mammals, endogenous heat production increases markedly during gestation lactation, thus female mammals may be subject greater thermal constraints on expenditure than males. Such likely have important implications behaviour population performance a warming climate. We used mechanistic simulation model based the first principles of mass transfer study activity (both timing intensity) captive grizzly bears Ursus arctos current future climate scenarios. then quantified relative importance regulatory behaviours maintaining balance using GPS telemetry locations lactating versus non-lactating from Yellowstone National Park, assessed degree which costs thermoregulation constrained distribution sampled space time. Lactating benefitted considerably more behavioural cooling mechanisms (e.g. partial submersion cool water or bedding substrate) females our simulations; availability increased number hours could active up 60% under climatic conditions 43% scenario. Moreover, even scenario, were able achieve 24 hr/day thermoregulating behaviourally when was facilitate cooling. The most predictor bear Yellowstone, regardless reproductive status, elevation. However, variables associated with environment relatively predicting bears. Our results suggest dissipation, are modulated climate, impose energetics large like bears, access will an increasingly driver as continues warm. A free Plain Language Summary can found within Supporting Information this article.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Functional Ecology
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0269-8463', '1365-2435']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13727